Динамика LULC и поглощения углерода в основных регионах железорудных месторождений России и Китая

Авторы

  • Хуан Лихуа Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52575/2712-7443-2024-48-4-542-564

Ключевые слова:

динамика землепользования / наземного покрова (LULC), поглощение углерода, регионы добычи железной руды, устойчивое землепользование

Аннотация

В исследовании анализируется динамика землепользования / наземного покрова (LULC) и поглощения углерода в районах добычи железной руды Лебединского и Стойленского горно-обогатительных комбинатов в России и областях железорудного производства Аньшань и Бэньси в Китае с 1985 по 2020 год. С помощью пространственного анализа и оценки секвестрации углерода растительностью и депонирование его почвами определено влияние горной промышленности, урбанизации и усилий по экологическому восстановлению на характер землепользования и способность к поглощению углерода. Результаты показывают значительные изменения в использовании земли в обеих областях, в основном обусловленные увеличением добычи полезных ископаемых и ростом городов. В России площадь сельскохозяйственных угодий уменьшилась примерно на 8 % (640,78 км²), что связано с застройкой территории и расширением лесных площадей. При этом увеличение лесного покрова с 12,69 % до 16,69 % указывает на эффективное экологическое управление. Промышленное развитие в горнорудном районе Китая, напротив, привело к уменьшению лесного покрова с 40,44 % до 36,73 % и увеличению площади застроенных территорий с 5,62 % до 12,51 %. Анализ углеродных депозитов показал противоположные тенденции: в то время как общая способность к поглощению углерода в российских районах добычи железной руды осталась стабильной, с небольшим увеличением на 3,69 Mт, в китайских железорудных районах эта величина значительно уменьшилась (на 31,41 Мт), в основном из-за снижения углеродопоглощения лесами и травянистыми угодьями. Эти результаты подчеркивают необходимость устойчивого развития, которое создает баланс между экономическим ростом и экологической стабильностью в горнорудных районах. Реализация эффективных стратегий, таких как озеленение, восстановление болот и адаптивные политики землепользования, является критически важной для снижения экологических последствий добычи полезных ископаемых и сокращения выбросов диоксида углерода.

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Биография автора

Хуан Лихуа, Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет

аспирант института наук о Земле, Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, г. Белгород, Россия

E-mail: lhhuang0@163.com

 

Библиографические ссылки

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Han H., Li X. 2022. Sustainable Land Use Management in Mining Areas: Challenges and Strategies. Resources Policy, 76: 102616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102616.

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2025-02-05

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Лихуа, Х. (2025). Динамика LULC и поглощения углерода в основных регионах железорудных месторождений России и Китая. Региональные геосистемы, 48(4), 542-564. https://doi.org/10.52575/2712-7443-2024-48-4-542-564

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