Limnological Studies of Lakes in the Altai Republic Using the Diatom Method
The work was carried out with the support of research project No. FWZG-2025-0005 “Natural habitat conditions of ancient humans in the Quaternary period of Eurasia” (N.A. Rudaya worked within the framework of this project) and the project part of the state assignment in the field of scientific activity of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under assignment FSRG-2023-0027.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52575/2712-7443-2026-50-3-619-633Keywords:
diatom analysis, surface bottom sediments, paleolimnology, Altai Republic, lakes, hydrochemistry, lake morphometryAbstract
Diatoms, as bioindicators of environmental change, are an important resource for assessing the current state of lakes. However, similar studies have not previously been conducted for many water bodies in the Altai Republic. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by providing representative data necessary for monitoring and serving as a basis for calibration in paleoecological studies. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of the morphometric and physicochemical parameters of 25 lakes in the Altai Republic, located at different hypsometric levels. According to the morphometric analysis, most of the lakes in the study area are small, with rounded shorelines and oval basins, depths are unevenly distributed, with a maximum of 323 m (Lake Teletskoye). The waters are mostly fresh, soft and slightly alkaline, of the bicarbonate class, and of the calcium group. To characterize the current state of the water bodies and its impact on biota, special attention is paid to diatoms from the surface layer of bottom sediments (0–1 cm) as an indicator group of aquatic organisms. The study identified 219 algal species (including six varieties and forms) belonging to 80 genera, 32 families, 15 orders and three classes of the division Bacillariophyta. The class Bacillariophyceae turned out to be the most numerous. Among the diatom species under study, 27 were found to be dominant and 25 were subdominant. The ecological-geographical structure was characterized based on four groups of traits (diatom association with different biotopes, salinity, pH and geographic distribution). Cluster analysis of the relative abundance of diatoms revealed three distinct zones. These zones demonstrate differences in altitudinal zonation, diatom concentration, and habitat ecological characteristics.
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