Parameters of Areas and Carbonate Profiles of Benchmark Leached and Typical Chernozems in the South of the Central Russian Upland
Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда, проект № 24-17-00154 «География, свойства и эталонные функции нативных черноземов лесостепи юга Среднерусской возвышенности», https://rscf.ru/prj card_int?24-17-00154)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52575/2712-7443-2026-50-3-555-572Keywords:
Central Russian Upland, Belgorod region, forest-steppe, soil areas, leached chernozems, typical chernozems, carbonate profiles of soilsAbstract
This study presents the first comparative analysis of two zonal subtypes of meadow–steppe chernozems, whose areas lie in close proximity to one another. We selected benchmark sites with native soil properties on flat watershed surfaces, represented by old fallow lands and hayfields that had never been ploughed. The research was conducted within Belgorod region (the southern part of the Central Russian Upland). Detailed soil mapping at three spatially discrete key sites revealed that the soil cover on level watersheds consistently comprises two sub-types of meadow–steppe chernozems – typical and leached ones – with the typical form predominating in area and constituting the background soil component. The leached chernozems occur as discrete areas, generally circular or oval in outline, more rarely elongated, with a mean area of about 70 m² (ranging from 5 to 140 m²); only one larger area of 450 m² was encountered. The transitional zones surrounding the leached chernozems and delimiting them from the typical chernozems have an average width of 2.4 ± 0.1 m (ranging from 0.5 to 5 m). The profile distribution of carbonate carbon content varied considerably in both sub-types: some showed single or multiple maxima, some peaked in the upper part of the carbonate horizon, and others exhibited a gradual increase with depth. In the averaged profiles, however, a single distinct maximum emerges – at 160 cm in the leached chernozems and at 125–130 cm in the typical ones. Carbonate carbon stocks in the 0–200 cm layer proved markedly higher in the typical chernozems (319 t ha⁻¹) than in the leached ones (218 t ha⁻¹). The analysis has allowed us to examine the possible role of lithogenic differentiation in controlling carbonate stocks within the profiles studied. The findings are recommended for application in background environmental monitoring and in precision agriculture.
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