Nature-Likeness of Agroforestry Reclamation Systems

Abstract

Of all types of land reclamation, agroforestry is the closest to nature. However, the lack of clear principles of nature-likeness of the agroforestry system (ALMS) makes it difficult to maintain natural processes in it that contribute to the provision of appropriate ecosystem services and the receipt of socio-economic benefits. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to substantiate the principles of the nature-likeness of ALMS and to draw up an appropriate visual model. The research methodology is based on the analysis of visual models that represent metaphors for the natural similarity of agroforestry. As a result, biotic, bioinertic, and other solutions were refined, three basic principles for creating nature-like agroforestry systems were identified, and a visual model of the theoretical concept of such nature-likeness was presented. The principle of copying natural processes includes: observing the ecological principles inherent in natural systems, ensuring the necessary self-regulation of ALMS, regional biodiversity, the intensity of material and energy manifestations of reclamation forest plantations; their adaptation to environmental factors and agrocenoses; maintenance of biological cycles with the reproduction of natural resources. The principle of providing ecosystem services, obtaining economic and social benefits is manifested through the regulation of erosion-accumulation processes; mitigation of adverse events; green farming strategies; solution of economic and social problems. The principle of economic stimulation of natural processes is due to forest management, minimal disturbance of the soil and the consistency of cultural and technical solutions with the requirements of nature protection. The results of the study provide an illustrative model of the nature-likeness of ALMS, which is determined by actions (decisions) copied from nature or stimulating processes close to nature, which cause less damage to the biosphere, provide ecosystem services and bring benefits.